肝静脉剥夺术——残余肝脏不足时手术新思路

肝静脉剥夺术（liver venous deprivation,LVD）是近年来两步法肝切除最新开展的手术方式,以联合应用门静脉栓塞（portal vein embolization,PVE）和肝静脉栓塞（hepatic vein embolization,HVE）的方式来达到使残余肝脏（future liver remnant,FLR）快速增生的目的。LVD相比于之前开展的单纯PVE和联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎二步肝切除术（associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,ALPPS）,在达到了FLR迅速增生的同时,对病人造成更小的损伤,其并发症发生率和病死率也远远低于ALPPS。这也使得更多的肝脏恶性肿瘤病人获得了R0切除的机会。     

术前TAGM联合弹簧圈门静脉栓塞根治肝门胆管癌1例报告

正右侧侵犯为主的肝门胆管癌根治术多需要联合右半肝切除,可能会导致术后肝衰竭。近年来,计划性肝切除的策略备受关注,采用门静脉栓塞(portal vein embolization,PVE)的介入技术能诱导未来残余肝(future liver remnant,FLR)术前增生、降低肝衰风险~([1-3])。使用三丙烯酸酯明胶微球(tris-acryl gelatin microspheres,TAGM)作为末梢栓塞剂,联合近侧弹簧圈的PVE在国内鲜有报道。笔者单位1例尝试采用此技术治疗1例。报告如下。     

腹腔镜肝切除术中剔肝法联合滚凝法临床应用价值研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜肝切除术中剔肝法联合滚凝法的技术要点、有效性及可行性。方法 采用倾向评分匹配及回顾性病例对照研究方法,对2015年5月至2019年12月青岛大学附属医院肝胆胰外科同一治疗组收治的296例行腹腔镜肝切除术病人的临床资料进行分析,根据肝实质离断及肝断面止血方法不同,分为电凝组（133例,采用超声刀传统钳夹电凝）与剔肝组（163例,采用剔肝法联合滚凝法）,对比分析两组病人一般临床病理资料、术中及术后情况。结果 倾向评分匹配后共184例病人配对成功,各92例。两组病例在手术时间、中转开腹、术中输血、术后出血发生率、术后胆瘘发生率、排气时间方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而在术中出血、术后肝周积液发生率、术后住院时间方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 剔肝法联合滚凝法为腹腔镜肝切除术提供了一种非常可靠实用的肝实质离断技术,能有效减少术中出血及术后肝周积液的发生,缩短术后住院时间。     

全腹腔镜ALPPS治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤(附三例报告及文献复习)

目的探讨全腹腔镜联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,ALPPS)治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的治疗选择。方法回顾性分析2019年中国科学技术大学附属第一医院肝脏外科行全腹腔镜ALPPS治疗的1例直肠癌术后肝脏多发转移和2例巨块型肝癌的临床资料,分析围手术期检查指标和术后随访结果以评价该术式的临床应用价值。结果第一步手术均在腹腔镜下行门静脉右支结扎和原位肝实质离断+胆囊切除术,第一次和第二次术前三维可视化结果显示,3例病例术前两次预估剩余肝脏体积分别为221 ml和364 ml,320 ml和532 ml以及332 ml和422 ml,预留肝脏体积较前增加了65%、66%和27%,在剩余肝脏体积比达到安全标准后第二步手术行解剖性右三叶肝切除术,术后对症治疗肝功能逐渐恢复,围手术期无死亡及其他严重并发症,随访至今未见肿瘤复发、无远处转移。结论全腹腔镜下可以安全地、有效地开展ALPPS,预留肝脏短期内能代偿增生。腹腔镜ALPPS为复杂的肝脏恶性肿瘤创造了手术切除的可能性。     

超声引导下射频消融术与腹腔镜肝部分切除术治疗小肝癌的比较分析

目的 探讨超声引导下射频消融术与腹腔镜肝部分切除术治疗小肝癌的疗效对比。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年1月台州市立医院肝胆外科收治的小肝癌（直径≤3 cm）患者,根据治疗 方法分为超声引导下射频消融组（A组,47例）与腹腔镜肝部分切除组（B组,36例）,比较两组的手术时 间、术中出血量、术后第1天疼痛评分、下床活动时间、进食时间、术后第2天AST和CRP水平,以及住 院时间、住院费用、术后并发症发生情况。结果 A组手术时间[（29.1±12.3）min vs（127.5±29.6）min, P<0.001]、术中出血量[（5.3±2.1）mL vs （138.3±37.5）mL,P<0.001]、术后第1天疼痛评分[（0.9±0.3） vs （3.1±0.7）,P=0.010]、下床活动时间[（0.7±0.2） d vs （2.3±0.9） d, P=0.021]、进食时间[（1.1±0.1） d vs （2.4± 0.6）d,P=0.045]、住院时间[（7.3±2.4）d vs （12.3±3.7）d,P=0.012]和住院费用[（23 872.8±2 159.5）元 vs（31 563.7±3 547.6）元,P=0.033]优于B组;且并发症中胆瘘（2.1% vs 13.8%,P=0.040）和肝功能不全发 生率（4.2% vs 19.4%,P=0.027）均低于B组。A组和B组术后1、3年总体生存率分别为90.0% vs 93.7%、 72.5% vs 81.3%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 在治疗直径≤3 cm的小肝癌时,超声引导下射频 消融术比腹腔镜肝部分切除术围手术期恢复更快;两者总体治疗效果相当,可根据具体情况选择性应用。     

宽切缘肝切除术改善自发破裂性肝细胞癌的预后

目的 探讨手术切缘对肝切除术治疗自发破裂性肝细胞癌（spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma,SRHCC）患者预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属闵行医院/上海市闵行区中心医院2012年1月至2017年12月收治的30例SRHCC患者的临床资料,比较切缘范围＞1 cm（宽切缘组,19例）和≤1 cm（窄切缘组,11例）两组患者的临床病理学特征,采用Kaplan-Meier分析比较两组的无复发生存期和总生存期,采用Cox回归分析生存相关风险因素。结果 宽切缘组比窄切缘组3年无复发生存率（13.2% vs 0,P=0.036）和3 年总生存率（17.5% vs 0,P=0.002）高;多因素分析显示血清碱性磷酸酶高值（HR=1.013,P=0.008）、肿瘤分级低分化（HR=3.326,P=0.007）和手术切缘≤1 cm（HR=3.287,P=0.011）为SRHCC患者无复发生存期相关独立危险因素;血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶高值（HR=1.002,P =0.041）、肿瘤分级低分化（HR=4.411,P=0.005）、肝外转移（HR=3.445,P=0.044）、手术切缘≤1 cm（HR=3.255,P=0.024）是SRHCC患者总生存期相关独立危险因素。结论 采取宽切缘肝切除术能够改善SRHCC患者的临床预后。     

Postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients with microvascular invasion: a propensity score analysis

BackgroundMicrovascular invasion (MVI) is an independent risk factor associated with tumor recurrence and poor survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after partial hepatectomy (PH). The potential impact of adjuvant TACE on the prognosis of patients with ICC involving MVI (ICC-MVI) remains uncertain. Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) on ICC involving MVI.MethodsMulticentric data consisted of 223 patients who underwent curative-intent PH for ICC-MVI from 2002–2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The impact of adjuvant TACE was evaluated using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity-score matched (PSM) analyses.ResultsNo association between the TACE and the overall survival (OS) and recurrence rates was observed among the overall ICC-MVI patients. However, subgroup analyses revealed that adjuvant TACE favored OS (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39–0.99; P=0.047) and time to recurrence (TTR) (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36–0.97; P=0.037) among patients with elevated CA19-9 and those without lymphadenectomy (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30–0.93; P=0.027 for OS, and HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28–0.87; P=0.015 for TTR, respectively). In the CA19-9 ≥39 U/L subgroup and Nx subgroup, adjuvant TACE was associated with higher 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates (P=0.033 and P=0.034, respectively) and lower corresponding recurrence rates (P=0.024 and P=0.023, respectively).ConclusionsAmong the ICC-MVI patients undergoing curative-intent PH, only those have elevated CA19-9 or who did not undergo lymphadenectomy might be suitable for adjuvant TACE.     

GSK-3β suppresses the proliferation of rat hepatic oval cells through modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Aim:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) plays a crucial role in hepatic biology, including liver development, regeneration, proliferation and carcinogenesis. In this study we investigated the role of GSK-3β in regulation of growth of hepatic oval cells in vitro and in liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized rats.

Methods:

WB-F344 cells, the rat hepatic stem-like epithelial cells, were used as representative of oval cells. Cell viability was examined using a WST-8 assay. The cells were transfected with a recombinant lentivirus expressing siRNA against GSK-3β (GSK-3βRNAiLV) or a lentivirus that overexpressed GSK-3β (GC-GSK-3βLV). Adult rats underwent partial (70%) hepatectomy, and liver weight and femur length were measured at d 7 after the surgery. The expression of GSK-3β, phospho-Ser⁹-GSK-3β, β-catenin and cyclin D1 was examined with immunoblotting assays or immunohistochemistry.

Results:

Treatment of WB-F344 cells with the GSK-3β inhibitor SB216763 (5 and 10 μmol/L) dose-dependently increased the levels of phospho-Ser⁹-GSK-3β, but not the levels of total GSK-3β, and promoted the cell proliferation. Knockout of GSK-3β with GSK-3βRNAiLV increased the cell proliferation, whereas overexpression of GSK-3β with GC-GSK-3βLV decreased the proliferation. Both SB216763 and GSK-3βRNAiLV significantly increased the levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1 in the cells, whereas GSK-3β overexpression decreased their levels. In rats with a partial hepatectomy, administration of SB216763 (2 mg/kg, ip) significantly increased the number of oval cells, the levels of phospho-Ser⁹-GSK-3β, β-catenin and cyclin D1 in liver, as well as the ratio of liver weight to femur length at d 7 after the surgery.

Conclusion:

GSK-3β suppresses the proliferation of hepatic oval cells by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.     

Influence of early post-burn enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes of patients with extensive burns

Sepsis commonly occurs in severe post-burn patients, often resulting in death. We aimed to evaluate the influence of early enteral feeding on outcomes in patients with extensive burns, including infection incidence, healing and mortality. We retrospectively reviewed 60 patients with extensive burns, 35 who had received early enteral nutrition and 25 who had received parenteral nutrition. Average healing time, infection incidence and mortality were clinically observed. Hemoglobin and serum albumin were monitored weekly in both groups during treatment. Causative organisms were identified in patients with sepsis. Infection incidence was significantly less in the enteral nutrition group than the parenteral nutrition group (17.1% vs 44.0%; p = 0.023); and latency duration was longer in the enteral nutrition group than in the parenteral nutrition group (30.5 ± 4.7 days vs 14.5 ± 2.3 days; p<0.001). Duration of antibiotic therapy of the enteral nutrition group was significantly shorter than that of the parenteral nutrition group (12.5 ± 3.0 days vs 19.8 ± 3.6 days; p<0.001). Mean hemoglobin results (10.1 ± 1.3 g/L vs 8.3 ± 1.5 g/L; p<0.001) and serum albumin results (44.7 ± 5.7 g/L vs 36.2 ± 6.9 g/L; p<0.001) of enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition groups, respectively, provided an overview of systemic nutrition and protein metabolism, suggesting higher systemic nutrition and protein synthesis in enteral nutrition group than in parenteral nutrition group. Risk of post-burn infection is reduced in burn patients who are supported by earliest possible enteral nutrition.